A lot of foreign people could not pronounce zh ch sh correctly.
when we practise pronouncing z c s and zh ch sh, normally we add i to that, eg, zi ci si and zhi chi shi. In wikipedia, they are explained as following.
| zh |
[ʈʂ] |
ch with no aspiration (take the sound halfway between joke and church and curl it upwards); very similar to merger in American English, but not voiced |
| ch |
[ʈʂʰ] |
as in chin, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to nurture or tree in American English, but strongly aspirated |
| sh |
[ʂ] |
as in shinbone, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to undershirt in American English |
| r |
[ʐ] or [ɻ] |
similar to the English r in rank, but with the lips spread and with the tongue curled upwards |
| z |
[ts] |
unaspirated c (halfway between beds and bets) (more common example is suds) |
| c |
[tsʰ] |
like ts, aspirated (more common example is bats) |
Pronunciation of initials (From Pinyin wikipedia)
From my experience, when you pronounce zi ci si, the front part of your teeth bite each other. When you pronounce zhi chi shi, the two sides of your teeth bite each other.
Not so many foreign can pronounce yan and yang correctly.
The difference between yan and yang in fact is the difference between n [n] and ng [ŋ].
First let’s figure out where we are pronouncing those. When we pronounce n [n], we can feel it is in the front part of your mouth, or oral cavity. When we pronounce ng [ŋ], we can feel it is close the back part of the oral cavity, exactly near to the part that connected to your nose, or nasal cavity.
when you pronounce a[a], you can feel that was in the middle of your oral cavity.
The left thing is to combine a[a] with n [n] and ng [ŋ]. You know, when two pronunciations come together, there is a transition from a[a] with n [n], from a[a] to ng [ŋ]. In such time, you have to pronounce the first part and soon you have to get ready for the second part. As a result, they sound like an [an] and ang [ɑŋ].
After you combine another y, they sound like yan [iɛn] and yang [iɑŋ] respectively.
So be careful, yan is not yang, and yang is not yan.
Also Yin and Yang (阴阳) does not sound like [in n iɛn].
| Nucleus |
Coda |
Medial |
| Ø |
i |
u |
y |
| a |
Ø |
[a]
a
-a |
[ia]
ya
-ia |
[ua]
wa
-ua |
|
| i |
[aɪ]
ai
-ai |
|
[uaɪ]
wai
-uai |
|
| u |
[aʊ]
ao
-ao |
[iaʊ]
yao
-iao |
|
|
| n |
[an]
an
-an |
[iɛn]
yan
-ian |
[uan]
wan
-uan |
[yɛn]
yuan
-üan 2 |
| ŋ |
[ɑŋ]
ang
-ang |
[iɑŋ]
yang
-iang |
[uɑŋ]
wang
-uang |
|
| ə |
Ø |
[ɤ]
e
-e |
[iɛ]
ye
-ie |
[uɔ]
wo
-uo/-o 3 |
[yɛ]
yue
-üe 2 |
| i |
[eɪ]
ei
-ei |
|
[ueɪ]
wei
-ui |
|
| u |
[ɤʊ]
ou
-ou |
[iɤʊ]
you
-iu |
|
|
| n |
[ən]
en
-en |
[in]
yin
-in |
[uən]
wen
-un |
[yn]
yun
-ün 2 |
| ŋ |
[ɤŋ]
eng
-eng |
[iɤŋ]
ying
-ing |
[uɤŋ] 4
weng
-ong |
[yʊŋ]
yong
-iong |
| Ø |
[z̩]
-i |
[i]
yi
-i |
[u]
wu
-u |
[y]
yu
-ü 2 |
The Finals in Chinese (From Pinyin wikipedia)
Basically, for foreign students, it is better to practise the vowels first. They are a o e i u ü. There is some reason why the six vowels are in such order. The feature to pronounce the vowels is that the size of your mouth turns smaller and flatter.

vowels
Remember that when you pronounce a, the size of your mouth is the biggest time in Chinese.
We were created to pronounce anything closely if you practise in the right way.
Normally you were shown the Chinese Syllable Onset in the following way. If you were Chinese, there was no meaning to look at that. Since you already knew that.
If you were foreign people, even you look at that, it could not make so much sense to you. Because you did not learn how to pronounce that.
| 字母 |
b |
p |
m |
f |
d |
t |
n |
l |
| 发音 |
ㄅ 玻 |
ㄆ 坡 |
ㄇ 摸 |
ㄈ 佛 |
ㄉ 得 |
ㄊ 特 |
ㄋ 讷 |
ㄌ 勒 |
|
| 字母 |
g |
k |
h |
|
j |
q |
x |
|
| 发音 |
ㄍ 哥 |
ㄎ 科 |
ㄏ 喝 |
|
ㄐ 基 |
ㄑ 欺 |
ㄒ 希 |
|
|
| 字母 |
zh |
ch |
sh |
r |
z |
c |
s |
| 发音 |
ㄓ 知 |
ㄔ 蚩 |
ㄕ 诗 |
ㄖ 日 |
ㄗ 资 |
ㄘ 雌 |
ㄙ 思 |
|
声母表 (From汉语拼音方案- Wikipedia)
For Chinese, we can know the characters under every Syllable represent the pronunciation. You know, in old China, there is no alphabets like a, b, c, d. Some simple characters were used to describe the pronunciation.
So if we change the characters to alphabets, it would be the following.
| 字母 |
b |
p |
m |
f |
d |
t |
n |
l |
| 发音 |
ㄅ 玻 |
ㄆ 坡 |
ㄇ 摸 |
ㄈ 佛 |
ㄉ 得 |
ㄊ 特 |
ㄋ 讷 |
ㄌ 勒 |
|
bo |
po |
mo |
fo |
de |
te |
ne |
le |
| 字母 |
g |
k |
h |
|
j |
q |
x |
|
| 发音 |
ㄍ 哥 |
ㄎ 科 |
ㄏ 喝 |
|
ㄐ 基 |
ㄑ 欺 |
ㄒ 希 |
|
|
ge |
ke |
he |
|
ji |
qi |
xi |
|
| 字母 |
zh |
ch |
sh |
r |
z |
c |
s |
|
| 发音 |
ㄓ 知 |
ㄔ 蚩 |
ㄕ 诗 |
ㄖ 日 |
ㄗ 资 |
ㄘ 雌 |
ㄙ 思 |
|
|
zhi |
chi |
shi |
ri |
zi |
ci |
si |
|
It is difficult for Japanese to pronounce R. Normally just pronounce R as L.
Everybody knows that there is no retroflex (eg, R sound) in Japanese. Somebody wants to say that is some physiological deficiency of Japanese. I do not agree on that. If you could not pronounce Arabic ( language ), do you think you have some physiological deficiency?
For me, learning a foreign language is just some mouth practice. If you get the point and practise enough, everybody can do that.
I believe most of us can whistle, remember, at such time, your mouth and your tongue are ready to pronounce R very well.
You can have a try now. Soon you will find the difference between R and L.

Whistle
For foreign people, when they study Chinese, how to write the Hanzi always annoys everybody. A lot of people have no idea what Hanzi means.
Generally, you can take one character as a picture in a square. You have to pay attention to the balance in the square. Maybe you can think about that when you do something, you have to pay attention to the people around you. If you lose the balance, the beauty will be destroyed.

square
You probably will ask, there are so many styles of calligraphy, how to master the marrow of that? The spirit is the same. Every style of calligraphy has to pay attention to the balance beauty in the square.

styles of calligraphy (From 汉字 - Wikipedia)
After you get used to the square, then you can throw away the square. You can write one big character in one paper. In such time, in your brain, you still have to think about the balance beauty on the paper.
The main problem of Japanese speakers’ English level is that most of Japanese read English using Katagana. You can say Japanese English is Katagana-English.
The problem of the main problem is that when Japanese study English, the teacher normally only teach them grammar.
For mastering a foreign language, the first and the basic thing is to master the pronunciation.
For Japanese, if you want to improve your English level, you can try the following thing.
1, Start from zero, ie. start from the pronunciation of the 26 alphabets.
2. Do not use any Katagana to mark any English words to help you to remember English vocabulary.
3. Speak it out
4, repeat 1, 2, and 3.

<pronunciation of 26 alphabets>
It was said that the house of Babel, the tower of Babel was, In the Old Testament, a city (now thought to be Babylon) in Shinar where construction of a heaven-reaching tower was interrupted when the builders became unable to understand one another’s language. God did that because God thought they were too presumptuous.
In this blog, I am going to blog about my personal experience of studying Chinese, English and Japanese. I hope my experience help you going to the tower of Babel. I hope my experience help you get your confidence back.

The Tower of Babel by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1563)
(FromTower of Babel - Wikipedia)